Strengthening Maritime Cybersecurity: From ISA/IEC 62443 to IMO and IACS Regulations
By Ilias Polychroniadis, Country Manager CY – Presales Regional Lead
The maritime industry’s digital transformation has made vessels increasingly dependent on integrated IT and OT systems for navigation, propulsion and cargo operations. While improving efficiency, this also introduces cyber risks that threaten safety, disrupt operations and pose compliance challenges. To address these risks, IEC 62443 provides a strong foundation, offering principles like network segmentation, secure remote access, risk-based defense and continuous monitoring—many of which are now embedded in maritime regulations. IMO MSC.428(98), MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3, IACS UR E26 & UR E27 and BIMCO’s guidelines mandate cyber risk management within a vessel’s Safety Management System (SMS).
However, compliance alone isn’t enough. We need a comprehensive approach that combines proactive risk management, continuous monitoring and a well-prepared response strategy. Cybersecurity at sea isn’t just about technology; it must be embedded in daily operations, crew awareness and overall maritime safety protocols. Achieving this requires a focus on:
• Clear roles and responsibilities: Define cybersecurity duties for both onboard and shore-side personnel.
• Asset visibility and risk assessment: Continuously map assets, assess vulnerabilities and evaluate risks.
• Access control and secure remote access: Restrict access and enforce Zero Trust to protect critical OT systems.
• Third-party management: Monitor vendors and remote services to mitigate supply chain risks.
• Network segmentation: Isolate IT and OT systems to prevent lateral movement of threats.
• 24/7 monitoring and threat detection: 24/7 SOC services for real-time threat identification and response.
• Incident response and recovery: Ensure a tested plan for rapid containment and recovery from cyber incidents.
• Training and awareness: Regular training to minimize human error, a key cybersecurity risk.
A proactive and risk-based approach is essential to protect both ships and shoreside operations, ensuring resilience against cyber risks while maintaining business continuity. The focus should be on early detection, swift response and continuous improvement, enabling both vessels and maritime offices to operate securely and efficiently in an increasingly digital world.
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