The Importance of OT Security in Protecting Critical Infrastructure
Imagine the impact of a cyberattack that disrupts a power grid, interrupts power or water supplies to a hospital, disables traffic lights, or halts a pipeline. The consequences could pose major risks to the social sphere and result in significant revenue losses for organizations. As industries evolve with the integration of smart technologies and automation, Operational Technology (OT) security has become a critical concern. OT systems, which control essential infrastructure like manufacturing plants, energy grids and transportation networks, were once isolated but are now necessarily connected to broader IT networks. This connectivity brings efficiency, but it also exposes OT environments to serious cyber threats. Some OT assets have been in place for years or even decades and are defenseless against malicious traffic. What are the unique risks that operational technology (OT) systems face, and what are the best practices for safeguarding these essential systems?
What is OT Security?
OT security refers to the practices and technologies used to protect Operational Technology systems from cyber threats, disruptions or unauthorized access. These systems include hardware and software that monitor or control physical processes in industries such as manufacturing, energy, transportation and utilities.
Unlike traditional IT security, OT security focuses not just on data but also on ensuring that critical infrastructure continues to function safely and efficiently. A breach in OT systems could lead to physical damage, production halts or even threats to public safety.
Why OT Security is different from IT Security
While OT and IT systems are increasingly converging, they have distinct security needs. Here’s how they differ:
- Operational focus
OT systems control and manage physical processes, meaning downtime can result in significant losses or dangerous situations. On the other hand, IT systems primarily focus on data management, confidentiality and digital communication.
- Safety over confidentiality
In OT, the primary security goal is to ensure availability and safety. A disruption to operations could cause real-world consequences, such as equipment damage or worker safety hazards. In IT, the focus is typically on confidentiality and data integrity.
- Legacy systems
Many OT environments rely on legacy systems that were built without modern cybersecurity in mind.
- Real-time operation
OT systems often operate in real-time environments, controlling critical functions like manufacturing equipment or power grid operations, making security downtime a high-risk scenario.
The growing hreats to OT systems
As operational technology (OT) systems become increasingly interconnected, they are more vulnerable to cyberattacks. The rise of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), along with remote access and integration with IT networks, introduces new vulnerabilities that can have devastating consequences. According to Palo Alto Networks 2024 report, nearly 70% of industrial organizations experienced a cyberattack in the past year, and one out of four faced an operational shutdown as a result. Additionally, 70% of respondents consider 5G devices to be a significant threat to OT, and 74% believe that AI-driven attacks on OT are a critical issue today. However, 80% of participants agree that AI will play a key role in preventing OT attacks. Finally, 87% of industrial respondents believe that adopting a Zero Trust approach is the best strategy for securing OT environments.
Common OT Security threats:
- Ransomware
Attackers may target OT systems with ransomware, freezing operations until a ransom is paid. This type of attack can cripple manufacturing lines, power grids or transportation systems.
- Malware
Malware targets industrial control systems (ICS), aiming to disrupt operations or cause physical damage.
- Insider threats
Employees or contractors with access to OT systems can accidentally or maliciously compromise system security, either by clicking on phishing links or by intentionally tampering with equipment.
- Supply chain attacks
OT systems are often dependent on third-party software and hardware. Vulnerabilities in the supply chain can be exploited to compromise OT environments. - Phishing and social engineering
Even in OT environments, social engineering attacks can lead to unauthorized access. Phishing attacks that target employees with access to OT systems are on the rise.
Best practices for securing OT systems
To protect OT environments from these increasing cyber threats, it’s essential to follow best practices that address the unique needs of OT security.
- Network segmentation
Separating OT systems from IT networks is crucial for preventing the spread of cyber threats. By keeping them isolated, we can ensure that even if IT systems are compromised, our operational technology continues to function safely and independently.
- Zero Trust architecture
Remote access through remote management tools is frequently the key to effectively managing OT assets without time-consuming and costly site visits. However, it amplifies the attack surface as attackers can exploit weak points in these remote connections to infiltrate systems. Implementing a Zero Trust approach, which requires all devices and users, whether inside or outside the network, to be authenticated and verified before they are granted access to critical systems is essential to mitigate cyber risks.
- Patch management
IT and OT have distinct differences, particularly in the area of vulnerability management. When a new vulnerability in ICS/OT is identified, it is important to assess whether it impacts your environment. If it does, conduct a risk assessment to determine the necessity of applying patches and the timeline for doing so. While action is required, the approach will differ significantly from that taken in IT.
- Continuous monitoring
Use advanced security monitoring tools to keep a real-time eye on network traffic, looking for anomalies that could signal a cyberattack. Tools like intrusion detection systems (IDS) can help detect and prevent malicious activity.
- Employee training
Ensure that all employees, from engineers to administrative staff, are trained in cybersecurity best practices, especially in recognizing phishing attacks or suspicious activity. Human error is a major cause of security breaches.
The future of OT Security in the age of Industry 4.0
With the rise of Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), OT environments will continue to evolve. The convergence of IT and OT offers incredible benefits, such as greater efficiency, real-time data collection and predictive maintenance. However, this also means that cybersecurity must be at the forefront of any digitalization strategy.
According to the Palo Alto report “The State of OT Security: A Comprehensive Guide to Trends, Risks & Cyber Resilience” 24% of the survey participants indicated that they were required to cease their OT activities following a successful cyberattack, either as a precautionary measure or due to an actual disruption. Shutdowns result in missed revenue opportunities as well as expenses for damage control and event remediation. By prioritizing OT security, industries can protect their operations, minimize downtime and prevent potential disasters.
Neurosoft, as your trusted partner, offers an OT Security Service that represents a paradigm shift in industrial cybersecurity. By combining cutting edge technology for OT Visibility and Threat Prevention, 24×7 monitoring by NEUTRIFY SOC team, OT Threat Intelligence, Secure Remote Access and 3rd party Risk Management we offer a 360, comprehensive service tailored to the unique needs of your industrial environment.
We invite you to join us on this journey towards a more secure future for OT networks.
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